Task 1

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Government should enact a law to fine those people who use cellphones while walking across a street.Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.

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Task 2

Reading

University Needs a Wilderness Club

City University is only about an hour’s drive to some beautiful woods and hiking trails outside the city. To encourage more students to visit these scenic spots, I think the university should sponsor a wilderness club. A wilderness club could hire buses with university funds, and the buses could be used to take students on day trips out to the woods and hiking trails. Wilderness day trips would have a positive effect on students’ studies, because being out in nature helps one relax. Students would return to school feeling refreshed and beter able to focus on their schoolwork.

Sincerely, Jane Turner

The man expressed his opinion about the student’s proposal. State the man’s opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.

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Task 3

Reading

Cumulative Culture

Not all animal behaviors are instinctual. Some animals display culture in the sense that within a particular group of animals, a new behavior may arise and then be learned by other members of the group. Recently, some scientists have suggested that certain animals may even be capable of complex form of culture called cumulative culture.With cumulative culture a shared behavior that may have benefits is modified and added to and becomes increasingly complex over time. The behavior may first be learned by members of the group after one individual begins performing it. Later, future generations pass on the behavior and continue to modify it, increasing its benefits of effectiveness.

Explain how the example from the professors lecture illustrates the concept of cumulative culture.

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