New World and Old World Primates     Evidence suggests that primates originated in the Old World and arrived in South America in a single migration. This perhaps occurre...

lron Working in Africa Many scholars believe that the secret of iron smelting(the process of extracting the iron from the rock that contains it) came to Africa with Phoenician mer...

Agriculture and the classic Maya Collapse       The Classic Maya civilization, which flourished in the lowlands of what is now southern Mexico and Central America ...

Chimpanzee Communication     Do animals communicate deliberately, meaning do they communicate with a goal in mind? It would help if we could ask them what they intended ...

The Nabis     Artists have always needed a place to learn about materials, style, and technique; a market for their artworks; and a community of peers with whom to excha...

Fungi and Forests     Mushrooms are the above-ground fruiting bodies of certain types of fungi. Fungi are diverse and adaptable, and they live in many different environm...

Early Astronomy As surviving records and artifacts make abundantly clear, many early cultures took a keen interest in the changing nighttime sky. But unlike today, the major drivin...

Life in an Estuary An estuary is the wide part of a river where it flows into the sea. It is affected by both marine influences(tides, waves, and the influx of saline water) and ri...

The Greek City-States: Sparta and Athens Of the hundreds of city-states that evolved during the Archaic Age, (800- 479 B.C.), Sparta and Athens stand out for their vividly contras...

TF阅读真题第811篇Dorset Culture