听力音频：
Task1：
Some people believe that a person needs a college education in order to have a successful career. Others believe that a college education is not necessary for success. Which point of view do you agree with? Explain why.
Task2：
The woman expresses her opinion about the letter-writer’s proposal. Briefly summarize the proposal. Then state her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.
No Sports on the Dining Hall Lawn
The open glassy area in front of the dining hall is one of the nicest features of our campus. Unfortunately, though, the grass is regularly trampled on and damaged by students playing games like soccer and Frisbee, resulting in ugly bare patches of dirt. I think the university should prohibit students from playing sports on the dining-hall lawn, so that the grass will look nicer.
Banning sports from the lawn shouldn’t inconvenience anyone, since there are fields next to the gym where students can play sports instead.
Sincerely,
Justin Ruben
Task3：
Explain how the example from the professor’s lecture illustrates the concept of a commitment device.
Commitment Device
People often have certain goals they want to accomplish in the future. However, their immediate desires can interfere with their ability to accomplish these long-term goals. Psychologists have found that when there is a conflict between immediate desires and long-term goals, it may be helpful to use a commitment device. A commitment device is a plan or arrangement that people make in advance to ensure that, if a conflict occurs, they will continue working toward their long-term goals instead of choosing to satisfy immediate desires. A commitment device forces people to act in their own long-term best interests, increasing their chances of successfully reaching their goals.
Task4：
Using points and examples from the lecture, explain two different hoarding strategies.
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