听力音频：
Task1：
Some people like having a wide variety of friends and acquaintances they can spend time with. Others like to spend most of their free time with the same small group of close friends. Which do you prefer? Explain why.
Task2：
Explain why the man agrees with the professor’s opinion.
Response to the Plan for an Additional Lighting System
I oppose the university’s plan to purchase an additional outdoor lighting system. The university says it would make our historic campus more attractive by illuminating our buildings at night. However, the university would spend an extra $1,000 per month for electricity. Instead, I recommend the money be used to complete the library renovation project as quickly as possible.
That’s not the only reason we shouldn’t get the new system. These powerful lights would brighten the sky as well as the buildings and seriously interfere with the use of our astronomy equipment. Our academic mission must come first – and the practice of astronomy is done best when the sky is darkest.
—R. N. Heinrich, Professor of Astronomy
Task3：
Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of state-dependent memory.
State-dependent Memory
When learning something new, people are aware (consciously or unconsciously) of the environment in which their learning takes place. This learning environment includes the physical setting, the time of day, and even the people who are present during learning. Studies have shown that when people later need to remember information they have learned, their ability to do so is affected by their current environment. If the environment is the same or similar to the original learning environment recall – the ability to remember – will be easier and more successful. Psychologists refer to this as state-dependent memory.
Task4：
Using points and examples from the lecture, explain two different protective adaptations.
