261006机考雅思阅读The evolution of film making

Part2

Read the text and answer the questions below.

The evolution of film making

A

Film making, as both an artistic pursuit and commercial industry, has undergone remarkable changes since its beginnings in the late 19th century. Early films were short, silent, and lacked narrative complexity, yet they quickly captivated audiences. These first glimpses of moving pictures laid the foundation for what would become one of the most influential cultural forces in the modern world.

B

The 1920s brought a revolution with the introduction of synchronised sound – commonly known as “talkies.” This advancement not only allowed actors to speak but also added music and sound effects, enriching the cinematic experience. However, this change was not welcomed by all. Many silent film stars struggled to adapt, and production costs increased significantly. Still, the innovation marked a decisive shift that finally established Hollywood as the global centre of the film industry.

C

As the industry matured, cinematic around the world began to develop their own cinematic traditions. European directors like Ingmar Bergman and Jean-Luc Godard explored philosophical and experimental themes, while Japan’s Akira Kurosawa blended traditional storytelling with cinematic flair. In India, Bollywood grew into a cultural phenomenon, producing musicals that blended drama, romance, and social commentary. These diverse traditions enriched the global film landscape and demonstrated the versatility of the medium.

D

In the latter half of the 20th century, technological innovations like colour film, special effects, and widescreen projection enhanced storytelling. The 1970s and 1980s witnessed the rise of the blockbuster, with films like Star Wars and E.T. dominating theatres and redefining marketing strategies. At the same time, independent filmmakers used more modest budgets to explore unconventional narratives, challenging the mainstream.

E

With the advent of digital technology, film making became more accessible. Digital cameras and editing tools significantly reduced costs, allowing amateur and indie creators to produce high-quality work. Simultaneously, streaming platforms disrupted traditional distribution models. Services like Netflix, Hulu, and Amazon Prime made it possible to release content globally without theatrical runs, allowing new audiences to consume media.

F

Despite these innovations, critics have expressed concerns about the creative stagnation of modern cinema. Many studios prioritise sequels, franchises, and remakes over original content, leading to debate about artistic integrity. Yet, festivals like Sundance and Cannes continue to spotlight independent films and new voices, ensuring that innovation and experimentation remain central to the industry.

G

Education in film making has also expanded, with universities worldwide offering specialised programmes. These courses teach not only directing and screenwriting but also technical skills like cinematography and sound design. As the basics of film making become more democratic, the diversity of perspectives within the industry has grown, providing audiences with stories from previously underrepresented voices.

Questions 14-17

Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list below. Write the correct letter as boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.

List of headings the expansion of film education the impact of digital technology on film making how global traditions shaped cinema film-making at its origins transition from silent films to talkies criticism of modern cinema trends the rise of global distribution platforms technological advances in the late 20th century

Questions 18-22

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Write TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN as boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.

18 Early films often lasted more than an hour. TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN

19 Some silent film actors could not transition to sound films. TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN

20 Akira Kurosawa was known for making science fiction blockbusters. TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN

21 Digital technology lowered the cost of film production. TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN

22 Cannes and Sundance promote experimental and independent films. TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN

Questions 23-26

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D. Write the correct letter as boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.

23 What was one effect of the introduction of sound in films? A Movies became shorter B Film budgets were reduced C Hollywood became more influential D Audience size declined

24 What type of films dominated theatres in the 1980s? A Foreign art-house films B Silent movies C Blockbusters D Documentaries

25 What concern do some critics have about modern cinema? A It is too reliant on digital effects B It focuses too much on originality C It lacks international influence D It favours commercial over creative risk

26 What has led to more diverse storytelling in films today? A Reduced ticket prices B Better special effects C Growth of university programmes D Access to affordable technology