Part2

Read the text and answer the questions below.

Libraries

A

Libraries are collections of materials containing information, ideas, and works of imagination that are organized for public use and staffed by people trained to provide a service. They take many physical forms ranging from large purpose-built buildings to rooms in parent institutions and small temporary structures. They are a vital resource in an age in which people and communities desperately need to consider alternative points of view and information in order to challenge the mass media and make up their own minds.

B

Despite a popular misconception, libraries have never confined themselves to the collection of books. Traditionally, they have acquired a range of print-based materials, including newspapers, maps, pamphlets, illustrations, and many other items. Indeed, libraries pre-dated the invention of the book. For example, the original library in Alexandria, the capital of ancient Egypt, collected papyrus scrolls, and mediaeval monasteries collected manuscripts. It was therefore widely regarded as a logical step for libraries to collect every new medium that contained information as it emerged. All forms of sound and visual recording (for example, gramophone records, cassettes, videos, CDs, and DVDs) joined the collections in many libraries as they became available. Digital formats were also quickly added to collections and there are now countless libraries around the world which have fully integrated electronic resources such as e-books, audiobooks, online databases, and digitised archives.

C

However, the role of libraries has expanded beyond mere collection. Modern libraries also function as community hubs, offering public internet access, literacy programmes, and spaces for civic engagement. In many regions, libraries provide essential services such as assistance with job applications, legal guidance, and support for small businesses. Furthermore, librarians have adapted to the digital age by developing skills in data management, digital literacy training, and fact-checking – all of which help users navigate an increasingly complex information landscape.

D

Nevertheless, libraries face significant challenges. Budget cuts in many countries have reduced opening hours and staff numbers. Some critics argue that physical libraries are obsolete, given that so much information is now available online. Yet proponents maintain that libraries offer something the internet cannot: curated, trustworthy information and equitable access regardless of income or social status. In conclusion, while the format of materials has evolved, the core mission of libraries – to provide free and open access to knowledge – remains as relevant today as it was in ancient Alexandria.

Questions 14-18

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2? In boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet, write.

14 Libraries have only existed since the invention of the printing press. TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN

15 The library in Alexandria collected papyrus scrolls rather than books. TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN

16 Modern librarians are trained to help users evaluate online information. TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN

17 All countries have increased their spending on public libraries. TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN

18 Libraries have never collected sound recordings such as cassettes or CDs. TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN

19 Libraries are described as a vital resource for people to challenge the __________.

20 In mediaeval times, monasteries collected __________ instead of printed books.

21 Besides information storage, modern libraries function as __________.

22 Unlike the internet, libraries provide __________ access regardless of a person’s financial situation.

Questions 23–26

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

23 According to the passage, libraries have traditionally collected A only books and manuscripts B a wide variety of print-based items C exclusively digital materials D only sound recordings

24 What do critics of modern libraries argue? A Libraries are too expensive to maintain B Information is mostly available online, making libraries unnecessary C Librarians lack proper training D Libraries should focus only on e-books

25 Which of the following is mentioned as a service provided by modern libraries? A Medical treatment B Housing assistance C Job application support D Free meals

26 What is the author’s conclusion about libraries today? A They are no longer useful B Their main purpose has completely changed C Their fundamental mission remains the same despite changes in format D They should only exist in large cities